CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 variants influence the risk and outcome of COVID-19 infection among rheumatoid arthritis patients maintained on hydroxychloroquine

Abstract Objectives Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used as an off label for the management of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) infection with other drugs. However, different genetic variants can affect metabolism HCQ leading to inter-individual differences in its efficacy. In this study, we investigated effects CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 on risk Covid-19 among patients receiving controlling rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total 60 were genotyped CYP2D6*2XN, CYP2D6*4, CYP3A4*1B CYP3A5*2. They treatment RA. The evaluated clinically fever dry cough, radiologically via chest computed tomography (CT) immunologically anti-Covid-19 IgG IgM titers. Results Variants CYP2D6 significantly affected grade ground glass (CYP2D6*4 AA carriers showed higher 3) positive (CYP2D6*2XN CC had lowest risk), duration HCQ, use corticosteroids or gender did not status significantly. Conclusions general, outcome studied was good (no deaths, no intubation needed). could infection.